API4KP Core Ontology

IRI:
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core
Version IRI:
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/2018/06/core
Imported Ontologies:
http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/20170801/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/ (visualise it with LODE)
Other visualisation:
Ontology source

Table of Content

  1. Introduction
  2. Classes
  3. Object Properties
  4. Annotation Properties
  5. General Axioms
  6. Namespace Declarations

Introduction

This ontology defines the core concepts of the API4KP framework: Knowledge, Resources, Operations and Platforms, serving as an 'upper ontology' for the specification

Classes

(knowledge processing) functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeProcessingFunction

in general: "the purpose for which something is designed or exists"
concept that defines the purpose on an entity, manifested as it plays a certain role and realized through the execution of certain tasks
has super-classes
defined conceptc
associated toop some knowledge processing taskc
associated toop some active paticipant (type)c or passive rolec
has sub-classes
knowledge artifact repositoryc
is in domain of
function ofop
is in range of
has functionop

(knowledge processing) techniquec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeProcessingTechnique

Techniques are 'bodies of specialized procedures and methods used in some field'. Knowledge processing techniques are specifically leveraged in knowledge processing activities: in particular, techniques are part of the methods that define those tasks.
has super-classes
defined conceptc
Artificial Intelligence driven techniques in general, as a concept to be refined
Natural Language Processing

abstract knowledge expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AbstractExpression

Abstract expressions, by definition generically depend on some carrier. An abstract expression needs one to exist physically, but does not depend on any particular one. Abstract Expressions, however, cannot be realized directly. The language needs to be complemented with a ‘form’ that allows for a concrete syntactic encoding (e.g. written vs vocal for English, XML vs JSON for UML Class Models, OFN vs Turtle for OWL, etc..)
The class of equivalence of Concrete Expressions of some Knowledge content, in some Language, across the various serializations supported by that language.
has super-classes
knowledge expressionc
knowledge representation ofop some piece of knowledgec
concretely represented asop some concrete knowledge expressionc
has sub-classes
ASTc, Parse Treec, abstract semantic graphc, knowledge fragmentc, knowledge representationc
is in domain of
concretely represented asop, expressesop, has serialized representation inop
is in range of
conceptualizesop, described byop, is concrete representation ofop, specified byop
is disjoint with
concrete knowledge expressionc

abstract semantic graphc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AbstractSemanticGraph

The representation of the 'pure' information content of a Work of Knowledge, in terms of (a representation of) the concepts that constitute the Work and their associations
has super-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc
formalizesop some conceptual representation ofop some work of knowledgec

abstract syntaxc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AbstractSyntax

Like all Abstract Expressions, it needs a serialization to be concretized
The set of structures and/or rules that constrain the abstract syntax tree of a valid sentence of a language, itself expressed in some (meta) language
has super-classes
syntaxc
has sub-classes
profilec
is in range of
externalizesop, profilesop, supports expression inop, uses syntaxop
is disjoint with
concrete syntaxc

active paticipant (type)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AgentiveRole

concept that archetypes an Agent, and whose definition specifies how it participates (actively) in some Activity
is equivalent to
defined conceptc and (archetypesop some agentc)
has super-classes
defined conceptc
is disjoint with
passive rolec

activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Activity

This classes is provided for compatibility with other ontologies that define 'Activity' at higher levels of abstraction and/or generality
An intentional process, executed with the active participation of one of more Agents that carry out a plan.
has sub-classes
information processing activityc, knowledge artifact replication activityc
is in domain of
has productop, involvesop, makes use ofop, performed byop, targetsop
is in range of
involved inop, performsop, product ofop, recipient ofop, used inop

agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Agent

Agents can act on behalf of other Agents, or do so as a consequence of a speech act (request, command, suggestion, etc..)
Any entity that has the capability (potential) to be an active participant in an Activity
has sub-classes
artificial agentc, knowledgeable agentc
is in domain of
performsop
is in range of
performed byop

arrangementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/Arrangement

has super-classes
complex conceptc

artificial agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ArtificialAgent

has super-classes
agentc
product ofop some activityc

artificial languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/ArtificialLanguage

has super-classes
constructed languagec

ASTc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AbstractSyntaxTree

The representation of the internal structure of an Abstract Expression, according to some Abstract Syntax, obtained from the parsing of a Concrete Expression of which that Abstract Expression is a concrete representation
has super-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc
formalizesop some conceptual representation ofop some abstract knowledge expressionc

code elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/CodeElement

has super-classes
concrete knowledge expressionc

complex conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ComplexConcept

When expressed in OWL, complex concepts are described in terms of their relationships to other concepts, using subClassOf or equivalentClass axioms
A Concept that can be decomposed into a complex association of other Concepts, ans such that there is at least one Work of Knowledge that captures those Concepts and their relationships
is equivalent to
conceptc and (captured byop some work of knowledgec)
has super-classes
conceptc
has sub-classes
arrangementc, defined conceptc

composite knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#CompositeKnowledgeResource

Functionally Complex Resource that has one or more structural components, and provides the structuring for them. Each component plays a specific role
a complex, structured knowledge resource that is constructed by assembling a number of knowledge resources, according to the plan that is the information content of a structuring representation. Since the components are proper parts, a composite resource depends on all its components.
is equivalent to
structured knowledge resourcec and (structurally organized byop some structurec)
has super-classes
deconstructable knowledge resourcec
structured knowledge resourcec
has proper partop some structured knowledge resourcec
has proper partop some structurec
depends onop some knowledge representationc
is in domain of
The relationship between a composite and its partsop, structurally organized byop
is in range of
flattening ofop

computable languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ComputableLanguage

Constructed Language that is used only by expressions that define how to execute information processing tasks and, as such, is indirectly used in certain Information Processing Activities
has super-classes
constructed languagec
inverse uses languageop some inverse specified byop some information processing activityc
has sub-classes
machine-executable languagec

conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#AtomicConcept

Individual concepts - instances of this class - are universals whose extension can be formally expressed (in OWL) by means of an OWL class, which represents the set of all past, present and future particular individuals that can be classified by the concept
An atomic piece of knowledge that can be used for the construction of more complex pieces of knowledge
has super-classes
piece of knowledgec
has sub-classes
complex conceptc, primitive conceptc
is in domain of
associated toop
is in range of
archetyped byop, associated toop, defines in terms ofop, leveragesop, uses conceptop

concrete knowledge expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ConcreteExpression

A concrete expression is the result of the act of serializing an (abstract) expression using a concrete syntax, which adds 'form' aspects that allow to engrave an encoding of the expression on a carrier
An Expression in some language, serialized using one of the concrete syntaxes supported by that language
has super-classes
knowledge expressionc
is concrete representation ofop some abstract knowledge expressionc
uses concrete syntaxop some concrete syntaxc
has sub-classes
code elementc, softwarec
is in domain of
concretely expressesop, has encodingop, is concrete representation ofop, uses concrete syntaxop
is in range of
concretely expressed byop, concretely represented asop, encoding ofop
is disjoint with
abstract knowledge expressionc

concrete syntaxc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Serialization

The set of structures and/or rules that constrain the parse tree of a valid sentence of a language, itself expressed in some (meta) language
has super-classes
syntaxc
externalizesop some abstract syntaxc
is in domain of
externalizesop, limitsop, serializesop
is in range of
has serialized representation inop, limitsop, supports serialization inop, uses concrete syntaxop
is disjoint with
abstract syntaxc

constructed languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ConstructedLanguage

Languages that are intensionally specified by a formal grammar, schema or metamodel - a set of criteria (e.g. rules and constraints) explicitly designed to distinguish valid sentences from invalid ones in a non-ambiguous way
is equivalent to
languagec and (specified byop some syntaxc and (formalizesop some formal grammarc and prescriptive grammarc))
has sub-classes
artificial languagec, computable languagec, controlled natural languagec, formal logic languagec

constructive definitionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ConstructiveDefinition

definition that can be used to generate instances of a concept, as well as recognizing them
has super-classes
definitionc
has sub-classes
grammarc, knowledge processing planc

controlled natural languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ControlledNaturalLanguage

Subset of a Natural Language that has a formal grammar constructed in a way to simplify and/or disambiguate that natural language
has super-classes
constructed languagec
natural languagec

declarative markup languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#DescriptiveMarkupLanguage

markup language used to express structural or semantic knowledge
has super-classes
markup languagec

deconstructable knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#DeconstructableKnowledgeResource

Knowledge resource that is not necessarily a composite, but such that there exists at least one composite knowledge resource that, if flattened, results in a (flattened) knowledge resource that is equal to this. The structure of that composite can be overlyed on top of the deconstructable resource, as a possibel input to a deconstructing operation
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
framed byop some structurec
has sub-classes
composite knowledge resourcec, flattened knowledge resourcec
is in domain of
framed byop

defined conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#DefinedConcept

When expressed in OWL, defined concepts have at least one equivalentClass axiom, assuming OWL is sufficiently expressive to represent that definition.
A concept that has at least one explicit definition
is equivalent to
complex conceptc and (defined byop some definitionc)
has super-classes
complex conceptc
has sub-classes
(knowledge processing) functionc, (knowledge processing) techniquec, active paticipant (type)c, knowledge manifestationc, knowledge processing taskc, languagec, passive rolec, resolvable conceptc
is in domain of
archetypesop, defined byop
is in range of
definesop

definitionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Definition

a definition is associated to a concept that is (implicitly) defined by the definition itself
a work of knowledge that captures necessary and sufficient conditions to recognize something
has super-classes
knowledge assetc
definesop some defined conceptc
has sub-classes
constructive definitionc, knowledge processing method specificationc
is in domain of
definesop, defines in terms ofop

descriptive grammarc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#DescriptiveGrammar

a grammar that documents how a language is actually used
has super-classes
grammarc

encoded knowledge expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#EncodedKnowledgeExpression

has super-classes
knowledge expressionc
is in domain of
encoding ofop, engraved onop
is in range of
engraved withop, has encodingop

encodingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Encoding

method for converting a concrete (knowledge) expression into a from that is suitable to be engraved on a carrier of choice
has super-classes
knowledge processing method specificationc

flattened knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#FlattenedKnowledgeResource

knowledge resource that is obtained from a composite knowledge resource by means of some flattening operation
is equivalent to
flattening ofop some composite knowledge resourcec
has super-classes
deconstructable knowledge resourcec
is in domain of
flattening ofop

formal grammarc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#FormalGrammar

A grammar such there exists at least one syntax that uses a formal language and is a faithful expression of that grammar
is equivalent to
grammarc and (conceptualizesop some syntaxc and (uses languageop some formal logic languagec))
has super-classes
grammarc

formal logic languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#FormalLanguage

language equipped with a formal, declarative, logic-based semantics
has super-classes
constructed languagec

grammarc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Grammar

If a grammar X formalizes a Language L, and X is expressed by an abstract syntax S, L is 'specified by' S.
A conceptualization of the set of rules and constraints that define (the valid sentences of) a language
is equivalent to
knowledge assetc and (capturesop some languagec)
has super-classes
constructive definitionc
conceptualizesop some syntaxc
has sub-classes
descriptive grammarc, formal grammarc, prescriptive grammarc
is in range of
governed byop

identifierc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Identifier

Identifers are resolved to exactly 1 entity, and express the concept that abstracts that entity
is equivalent to
identifierc
has super-classes
knowledge expression elementc
has sub-classes
versioned identifierc
is in domain of
identifiesop
is in range of
identified byop

information processing activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#InformationProcessingActivity

activity that has at least one information object as input
has super-classes
activityc

intellectual workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#IntellectualWork

Initially, it generically depends on some Agent, that carries its internal representation, until it can be carried by a concrete manifestation and possibly assimilated by other Agents.
The conceptual outcome of an intellectual creative activity. It has as a subject, and thus is about, some kind of Thing (e.g. idea, person, place, etc..).
has super-classes
knowledge endeavourc
has sub-classes
work of knowledgec
is disjoint with
knowledge artifactc, knowledge expressionc

knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Knowledge

The cognition (know-what), pragmatics (know-how) and understanding (know-why) - about the nature and/or behaviour of some Thing
has super-classes
knowledge ofop some thingc
has sub-classes
piece of knowledgec
is in domain of
captured byop, knowledge ofop
is in range of
capturesop, has knowledgeop, knowledge representation ofop

knowledge artifactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeArtifact

As a concrete information carrier, it is expressed in some language, using a concrete notation, and is an exemplar of the class of artifacts that corresponds to a specific type of Manifestation
A digital or physical object that carries (copy of) one or more serialized Knowledge Expressions.
has super-classes
knowledge carrierc
product ofop some activityc
has sub-classes
knowledge artifact master copyc, self-contained knowledge artifactc
is in domain of
exemplar ofop, reproducesop
is in range of
has exemplarop, reproduced byop
is disjoint with
intellectual workc, knowledge expressionc

knowledge artifact master copyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MasterKnowledgeArtifact

A Knowledge Artifact that is used as the primary source in replication activities.
has super-classes
knowledge artifactc
stored inop some has functionop some knowledge artifact repositoryc
used inop some knowledge artifact replication activityc

knowledge artifact replication activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeArtifactReplicationActivity

The act of producing a Knowledge Artifact, using another Artifact as an input, such that the two are exemplars of the same Knowledge Manifestation
has super-classes
activityc
has productop some knowledge artifactc
involvesop some knowledge manifestationc
makes use ofop some knowledge artifactc

knowledge artifact repositoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeArtifactRepository

has super-classes
(knowledge processing) functionc
function ofop some Notice that only Artifacts can be stored in practice. Storing a Work or an Expression implies the existence of an Artifact that carries (the Expression that realized) that Work. Nevertheless, the relationship can be asserted at any level, to shift the focus on the entity that is valuable for the purpose of storageop some knowledge artifactc

knowledge assetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeAsset

knowledge resource that is a (snapshot of a) work of knowledge that is represented by means of at least one knowledge representation. The asset, an abstract entity, corresponds to the class of equivalence of all variant representations of the same work of knowledge
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
work of knowledgec
has sub-classes
definitionc

knowledge carrierc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeCarrier

The medium that supoprts an engraving of (an encoding of) a concrete, serialized knowledge expression
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
carriesop some concrete knowledge expressionc and (representation ofop some piece of knowledgec)
has sub-classes
knowledge artifactc
is in domain of
carriesop, engraved withop
is in range of
carried byop, engraved onop

knowledge construction activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeConstructionActivity

the class of activities that involve structured knowledge resources as products
is equivalent to
knowledge processing activityc and (has productop some structured knowledge resourcec)
has super-classes
knowledge processing activityc
targetsop some knowledge resourcec

knowledge endeavourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeEndeavour

Endurant that embeds, directly or indirectly, some Piece of Knowledge
has sub-classes
intellectual workc, knowledge resourcec
is in domain of
internally represented byop, stored inop
is in range of
Notice that only Artifacts can be stored in practice. Storing a Work or an Expression implies the existence of an Artifact that carries (the Expression that realized) that Work. Nevertheless, the relationship can be asserted at any level, to shift the focus on the entity that is valuable for the purpose of storageop, internally representsop

knowledge expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeExpression

Expressions can be abstract or concrete, depending on their conformance to the constraints that specify either an abstract, as opposed to a concrete, syntax for the language used to express the Work
The expression of a Work, constrained by an information encoding system such as the abstract syntax of a grammar, a schema or a (meta)model
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
uses languageop some languagec
uses syntaxop some abstract syntaxc
has sub-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc, concrete knowledge expressionc, encoded knowledge expressionc
is in domain of
carried byop, conforms withop, formalizesop, knowledge representation ofop, representation ofop, reproduced byop, uses annotation languageop, uses as sub-languageop, uses languageop, uses lexiconop, uses primary languageop, uses profileop, uses syntaxop
is in range of
carriesop, represented byop, reproducesop
is disjoint with
intellectual workc, knowledge artifactc

knowledge expression elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeElement

fragment that expresses exactly one concept in a given interpretation context
has super-classes
knowledge fragmentc
expressesop exactly 1 conceptc
has sub-classes
identifierc
is in domain of
denotesop
is in range of
denoted byop
knowledge expression elements are the leaves of an expression's AST, and as such are derived from (a subset of) the tokens into which a concrete expression is broken during its parsing.

knowledge fragmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeFragment

Fragments express proper parts of a Work of Knowledge
A proper part of a Knowledge Representation that is not a Representation of a Work of Knowledge itself
is equivalent to
abstract knowledge expressionc and (proper part ofop some knowledge representationc)
has super-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc
expressesop some proper part ofop some work of knowledgec
knowledge representation ofop some not (work of knowledgec)
has sub-classes
knowledge expression elementc

knowledge manifestationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeManifestation

All the exemplars of a given manifestation are copies (replicas) of each other. Conversely, given an exemplar of a manifestation, if that exemplar is copied (replicated), the copy will be an exemplar of the same manifestation
The archetypical concept that abstracts a class of Knowledge Artifacts, defining the common qualities - including the concrete expression(s) carried by the artifacts, and the form used to encode and engrave the expression in each artifact of that class.
has super-classes
defined conceptc
archetypesop some knowledge carrierc
is in domain of
has exemplarop
is in range of
exemplar ofop

knowledge processing activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeActivity

Any Activity that involves the participation of a Knowledge Carrier as a product, tool, aid or background resource. The Knowledge Carrier carries the Knowledge which plays the role of information object in this context
is equivalent to
information processing activityc and (involvesop some knowledge carrierc)
has super-classes
archetyped byop some knowledge processing taskc
uses methodop some knowledge processing method specificationc
has sub-classes
knowledge construction activityc
is in domain of
uses methodop

knowledge processing method specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeProcessingMethodSpecification

a conceptualization that defines how to perform some knowledge processing task. As such, it is expressed by means of a specification, and leverages some knowledge processing technique
has super-classes
definitionc
conceptualizesop some specificationc
definesop some knowledge processing taskc
uses conceptop some (knowledge processing) techniquec
has sub-classes
encodingc
is in domain of
affectsop, preservesop
is in range of
blueprinted byop, uses methodop
A way to predict a risk factor that is based on a logistic regression model.

knowledge processing planc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeProcessingPlan

process plans can be imperative or adaptive, descriptive or prescriptive. As constructive definitions, they can be used to recognize activities from a given trace, or as specifications for the execution of future activities
the definition of the tasks that are necessary (and possibly sufficient) to perform an activity of a given kind, in order to achieve some goals, possibly with more or less prescriptive constraints e.g. on the (relative) ordering, roles of the performers, and execution modalities
has super-classes
constructive definitionc

knowledge processing taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#InformationProcessingTask

Tasks can be subclassed according to the kind of methods they follow. Complex (non atomic) tasks can also be defined in terms of a plan that organizes the sub-tasks
The conceptual abstraction of any knowledge processing activity
has super-classes
defined conceptc
archetypesop some knowledge processing activityc
defined byop some knowledge processing method specificationc
archetypesop only knowledge processing activityc
is in domain of
blueprinted byop

knowledge representationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeRepresentation

By definition, an information object that is about (an intellectual work that is about) some form of knowledge about something
The Expression of some Work of Knowledge in the Abstract Syntax of some language
has super-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc
expressesop some work of knowledgec
has sub-classes
knowledge resource descriptionc, modelc, ontologyc, specificationc, structurec
the specification of the allgorithm for the extraction of the square root of a number in some programming language such as Java (version 8)

knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeResource

An immutable, identifiable, versionable knowledge endeavor
has super-classes
knowledge endeavourc
has sub-classes
deconstructable knowledge resourcec, knowledge assetc, knowledge carrierc, knowledge expressionc, structured knowledge resourcec, versioned knowledge resourcec

knowledge resource descriptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeResourceDescription

For the purpose of knowledge management and delivery, from the perspective of the described resource, the description can be considered 'metadata'
Representation of Knowledge that contains information about another Resource.
is equivalent to
knowledge representationc and (knowledge ofop some knowledge resourcec)
has super-classes
knowledge representationc

knowledge structuring activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeStructuringActivity

activity that organizes other resources, producing a structure
The structuring resource is 'structured' by definition. The input resources become 'structured resources', and structured with each other, as a consequence of this activity if not already structured

knowledge surrogatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeSurrogate

A Knowledge Artifact that carries the serialization of a Knowledge Resource Description
is equivalent to
knowledge artifactc and (carriesop some concrete knowledge expressionc and (is concrete representation ofop some knowledge resource descriptionc))

knowledgeable agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeableAgent

An Agent that internally represents some (piece of) Knowledge
is equivalent to
agentc and (internally representsop some knowledgec)
has super-classes
agentc
is in domain of
internally representsop
is in range of
internally represented byop

KRR Languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#KnowledgeRepresentationAndReasoningLanguage

Language for knowledge representation and automated reasoning. KRR Languages are formal, and usually designed to be parsed and computed by a (running) software using tractable amounts of resources.
is equivalent to
formal logic languagec and machine-executable languagec
has super-classes
inverse uses languageop some knowledge expressionc
Prolog

languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Language

Languages follow (loosely) some grammar, which specifies how to construct sentences by the combination of atomic tokens (e.g. words) from a common vocabulary.
The Knowledge of how to create and/or reconstruct sentences within a certain class - the class of all the possible sentences that follow the rules of the language (regardless of the existence of an explict Notation that formalizes it).
is equivalent to
languagec
has super-classes
defined conceptc
governed byop some grammarc
has sub-classes
natural languagec, serializable languagec
is in domain of
governed byop, has wordstockop, supports expression inop, supports serialization inop
is in range of
serializesop, uses annotation languageop, uses as sub-languageop, uses languageop, uses primary languageop
Contemporary Italian, as of 2017, as established by the Italian 'Accademia della Crusca'
The 2nd officially released version of the Ontology Web Language

lexiconc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Lexicon

Conceptual structure that organizes the lexical entries used or supported by a person, language, or branch of knowledge
has super-classes
piece of knowledgec
has partop some knowledge expression elementc
is in range of
has wordstockop, uses lexiconop
'Lexicon' and 'Vocabulary' are overloaded terms, whose sense is very context-specific

machine-executable languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MachineExecutableLanguage

Language that can be interpreted by a machine, and the machine will be able to act based on that representation
is equivalent to
computable languagec and machine-readable languagec
has super-classes
computable languagec

machine-readable languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MachineReadableLanguage

Language such that Expressions that use it can be internally represented (i.e. parsed and interpreted) by a software at runtime
is equivalent to
constructed languagec and (internally represented byop some artificial agentc)
has super-classes
serializable languagec
has sub-classes
markup languagec, meta-formatc, meta-format serializable languagec

markup languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MarkupLanguage

Informally (and more narrowly) defined as "a system (such as HTML or SGML) for marking or tagging a document that indicates its logical structure (such as paragraphs) and gives instructions for its layout on the page especially for electronic transmission and display"
Language L1 that embeds another language L2 by design. When an expression E in L2 is marked with fragments F in L1, the subject of F is either E itself or the manifestation of E, as opposed to the subject of E. That is: if E is about X, F is about E and not X
has super-classes
machine-readable languagec
embeds languageop some languagec
has sub-classes
declarative markup languagec, presentational markup languagec, procedural markup languagec, structural markup languagec

meta-formatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MetaFormat

A purely syntactic language that is used in the definition of markup languages
A (meta) language without any specific lexicon
is equivalent to
machine-readable languagec and (not (has wordstockop some lexiconc))
has super-classes
machine-readable languagec

meta-format serializable languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#MetaFormatSerializableLanguage

machine readable, serializable language that has at least one concrete syntax that is based on a meta-format
has super-classes
machine-readable languagec
uses conceptop some meta-formatc
any language that supports an XML based serialization, such as BPMN or RuleML

modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Model

TODO: Does OMG have a standard def?
expression of knowledge about the structure (static) and/or behaviour (dynamic) of a system, constructed to emulate, study and/or predict certain aspects of that system
has super-classes
knowledge representationc

natural languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#NaturalLanguage

Natural languages can be written, oral and pictorial - as differentiated by the choice of alphabet used to construct the ‘sentences’ of the languages
Language that is not structured. A language for which it is not possible to define an explicit, tractable grammar such that, for each sentence constructed out of all the possible combination of the words in that language's dictionary, always allows to distinguish and disambiguate all and only the sentences that are valid syntactically and semantically.
is equivalent to
natural languagec
languagec and (described byop some syntaxc and (expressesop some descriptive grammarc))
has super-classes
languagec
has sub-classes
controlled natural languagec

ontologyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Ontology

TODO: Does OMG have a standard def?
descriptive expression of knowledge about the structural, necessary aspects of a domain of interest
has super-classes
knowledge representationc

Parse Treec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ParseTree

The representation, in terms of a tree, of the internal structure of a Concrete (Knowledge) Expression, according to some Concrete Syntax
has super-classes
abstract knowledge expressionc
formalizesop some conceptual representation ofop some concrete knowledge expressionc

passive rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#PassiveRole

Role played by an entity that participates passively in an activity, e.g. as a resource, or as the subject/target of the activity
has super-classes
defined conceptc
is disjoint with
active paticipant (type)c

piece of knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#PieceOfKnowledge

When an agent represents the complex internally, the agent possess some Knowledge (i.e. Knowledge about *some* thing)
A finite, complex association of one or more Concepts, intended as generically dependent representational units.
has super-classes
knowledgec
part ofop some knowledgec
has sub-classes
conceptc, lexiconc, work of knowledgec
the knowledge of how to extract the square number of a positive, integer number
the knowledge of what the square root of a number is, including a few examples

prescriptive grammarc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#PrescriptiveGrammar

a grammar that describes how a language should be used correctly
has super-classes
grammarc

presentational markup languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#PresentationalMarkupLanguage

Markup language that guides the realization of manifestations of the marked expression
has super-classes
markup languagec

primitive conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#PrimitiveConcept

When expressed in OWL, primitive concepts are not the subject of subClassOf or equivalentClass axioms
A concept that does not need an explicit definition. Concepts of this kind are usually acquired through experience, and/or are considered part of Common Knowledge (Knowledge that every agent possesses, and is expected by other agents to possess). As such, they live at the boundaries of the semantic graphs that constitute a work of knowledge, and their definition (if any exists) does not need to be communicated
is equivalent to
conceptc and (not (captured byop some work of knowledgec))
has super-classes
conceptc

procedural markup languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ProceduralMarkupLanguage

markup language used to express procedural or behavioral knowledge
has super-classes
markup languagec

profilec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Profile

A profile is a restricted abstract syntax that limits the expressvity of (the admissible expression in) a given language, usually to reduce the complexity, narrow the scope, and/or improve the semantic clarity of the expressions
is equivalent to
abstract syntaxc and (profilesop some abstract syntaxc)
has super-classes
abstract syntaxc
is in domain of
profilesop
is in range of
uses profileop

resolvable conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#ResolvableConcept

Defined Concept that has some Operational (constructive) Definition, i.e. a definition that can be applied to a situation, to infer whether or not the concept archetypes that Situation
has super-classes
defined conceptc

self-contained knowledge artifactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#SelfContainedKnowledgeArtifact

As an instance of a self-contained manifestation, it carries all the expression(s) needed to understand its content, if any dependencies exist
A Knowledge Artifact that is an exemplar of a self-contained manifestation
has super-classes
knowledge artifactc

serializable languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#SerializableLanguage

language that has at least one concrete syntax
is equivalent to
languagec and (specified byop some concrete syntaxc)
has super-classes
languagec
has sub-classes
machine-readable languagec

softwarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Software

Concrete Expression, in an executable language, that specifies and/or directs the behaviour of a (virtual) machine
has super-classes
concrete knowledge expressionc
uses languageop some machine-executable languagec
A Software is a "Performance Plan" for a (virtual) machine to execute

specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Specification

TODO: Does OMG have a standard def?
prescriptive expression of knowledge about the expected and/or required behavior of a system
has super-classes
knowledge representationc
has sub-classes
syntaxc

structural markup languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#StructuralMarkupLanguage

markup language L that is used in (the expression of) decomposable structured expressions, such that the structural frame of that expression is expressed in L, while the components are expressed in the embedded language(s)
has super-classes
markup languagec

structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#StructuringKnowledgeRepresentation

Structures can be set-oriented, tree-oriented, or both. A set-oriented structure defines a composite by aggregation of similar resources, while a tree-oriented structure defines composites by means of composition of Resources into other Resources.
A knowledge representation that defines - declaratively or procedurally - how other resources can be aggregated or composed into a composite resource
is equivalent to
knowledge representationc and structured knowledge resourcec and (structuresop some structured knowledge resourcec)
has super-classes
knowledge representationc
structured knowledge resourcec
expressesop some knowledge processing planc
is in domain of
structuresop
is in range of
framed byop, structurally organized byop, structured byop

structured knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#StructuredKnowledgeResource

Knowledge Resource that is structured with some other Resource, i.e. it is either a structure or is structured by a structure
is equivalent to
knowledge resourcec and (structured withop some knowledge representationc)
structurec or (structured byop some structurec)
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
has sub-classes
composite knowledge resourcec, structurec
is in domain of
structured byop, structured withop
is in range of
The relationship between a composite and its partsop, structured withop, structuresop

syntaxc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#Syntax

Syntaxes are 'reconstructed' from natural languages, but designed in the case of constructed languages
The set of structures and/or rules that constrain a valid sentence of a language, itself expressed in some (meta) language
has super-classes
specificationc
expressesop some grammarc
has sub-classes
abstract syntaxc, concrete syntaxc
is in domain of
refinesop
is in range of
conforms withop, refinesop

versioned identifierc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#VersionedIdentifier

Identifier of a particular version of a given entity, i.e. the particular configuration of (mutable) qualities of a given entity over a specific period of time
has super-classes
identifierc

versioned knowledge resourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#VersionedKnowledgeResource

versioned endeavors are identified explicitly by a version identifier
endeavor that is part of a series - a temporally ordered chain of endeavors of the same type, related by the fact that each successor is a revision of its predecessor.
has super-classes
knowledge resourcec
identified byop some versioned identifierc

work of knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#WorkOfKnowledge

A Work of Knowledge can be conceptualized in terms of an Abstract Semantic Graph
An Explicit (i.e. non Tacit) Piece of Knowledge that is the result of one or more (possibly non-deterministic) graph productions applied to some (chosen Piece of) Knowledge, intended for representation and/or communication.
An Intellectual Work that captures some (piece of) Knowledge, which itself has a subject that can be reflected in the Work by means of one or more explicitly marked, 'focal' concepts
has super-classes
intellectual workc
piece of knowledgec
capturesop some piece of knowledgec
has partop some conceptc
product ofop some knowledge processing activityc
has sub-classes
knowledge assetc
is in domain of
capturesop, conceptual representation ofop, conceptualizesop, concretely expressed byop, leveragesop, uses conceptop
is in range of
captured byop, concretely expressesop, defined byop, expressesop, formalizesop
a formal Ontology, prepared by an ontologist, and engineered to answer a number of competency questions, independently of the actual formal language used to express it.
a lecture, as the outcome of a teacher's choosing and organizing the topics so they can be explained to the students.
a statistician's description of a stochastic process by means of a Markov model
an algorithm for the extraction of the square root of a number
the content of a newspaper article, as determined by a journalist deciding what facts and/or opinions to include, and how to present them, independently of any editorial and/or formatting

Object Properties

affectsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#affects

A method affects something if it is known explicitly not to preserve that something
has domain
knowledge processing method specificationc

archetyped byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#archetyped-by

has super-properties
has knowledgeop
has sub-properties
exemplar ofop, has functionop
has range
conceptc
is inverse of
archetypesop

archetypesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#archetypes

a concept archetypes a referent, to the extent that the concept is defined by a definition that has that referent as a subject.
has super-properties
knowledge ofop
has sub-properties
function ofop, has exemplarop
has domain
defined conceptc
is inverse of
archetyped byop

associated toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#associated-to

this is an 'explicit' and 'conscious' notion of association which, in order to be asserted, requires that at least one agent has explicitly identified and called out the close relationship between the two concepts
two concepts are associated to each other if there exists at least one work of knowledge that makes their relationship explicit
has domain
conceptc
has range
conceptc
has sub-property chains
defined byop o uses conceptop

blueprinted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#blueprinted-by

a method provides guidelines specifically on how to perform a given task, and thus can be considered part of a task definition
has super-properties
defined byop
has domain
knowledge processing taskc
has range
knowledge processing method specificationc

captured byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#capturedBy

the relationship between a (piece of) Knowledge and any Work of Knowledge that makes it finite, explicit and potentially communicable
has sub-properties
defined byop
has domain
knowledgec
has range
work of knowledgec
is inverse of
capturesop

capturesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#captures

a specific relationship between a work of knowledge and the (piece of) knowledge it makes explicit
has super-properties
uses conceptop
has sub-properties
definesop
has domain
work of knowledgec
has range
knowledgec
is inverse of
captured byop

carried byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#carried-by

has sub-properties
reproduced byop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
knowledge carrierc
is inverse of
carriesop
has sub-property chains
has encodingop o engraved onop

carriesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#carries

The direct relationship between a Concrete Information Carrier and an Expression, such that the object is an exemplar of a manifestation that embodies a (concrete representation of) that Expression
has sub-properties
reproducesop
has domain
knowledge carrierc
has range
knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
carried byop
has sub-property chains
engraved withop o encoding ofop

completely expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#completely-expresses

no concept in the WoK is left implicit
every concept in the WoK must be expressed by at least one element of the expression
has super-properties
expressesop
has sub-properties
faithfully expressesop

conceptual representation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-subject

a WoK is a (knowledge) representation of something if knowledge about that something is the subject of that WoK and thus that subject is indirectly the subject of that WoK
has super-properties
knowledge ofop
has domain
work of knowledgec

conceptualizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#conceptualizes

Reflects the relationship between the expression's Abstract Syntax Tree and the Abstract Semantic Graph of (a WoK that is the faithful expression of) the Knowledge content of the expression.
The relationship between a (Work of) Knowledge and any of its Expressions, for which the Work represents a class of equivalence
has super-properties
represented byop
has domain
work of knowledgec
has range
abstract knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
expressesop

concisely expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#concisely-expresses

no element in the epxression is redundant
when conceptualized, every element of the expression corresponds to some concept that is part of the original WoK
has super-properties
expressesop
has sub-properties
formalizesop

concretely expressed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#concretely-expressed-by

A Work of Knowledge W is concretely expressed by a Concrete Expression E, if and only if there is an Abstract Expression of that Work W of which E is a concrete representation
has domain
work of knowledgec
has range
concrete knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
concretely expressesop
has sub-property chains
conceptualizesop o concretely represented asop

concretely expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#concretely-expresses

has domain
concrete knowledge expressionc
has range
work of knowledgec
is inverse of
concretely expressed byop
has sub-property chains
is concrete representation ofop o expressesop

concretely represented asop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#serialized-into

has domain
abstract knowledge expressionc
has range
concrete knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
is concrete representation ofop

conforms withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#conforms-with

An expression conforms to, and is valid according to, the rules of the grammar of a language, as expressed by some syntax (abstract or concrete)
has sub-properties
uses syntaxop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
syntaxc

consistently expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#consistently-expresses

every concept in the WoK is always represented by the same element every time it is mentioned in the expression
has super-properties
expressesop
has sub-properties
formalizesop

defined byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#defined-by

A Work of Knowledge defines a concept if it provides necessary and sufficient knowledge to allow to recognize instances of that concept
has super-properties
captured byop
has sub-properties
blueprinted byop
has domain
defined conceptc
has range
work of knowledgec

definesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#defines

has super-properties
capturesop
has domain
definitionc
has range
defined conceptc

defines in terms ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#defines-in-terms-of

concept that is used explcitily in the definition of another concept
has super-properties
leveragesop
has domain
definitionc
has range
conceptc

denoted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#denoted-by

the relationship between a referent and a symbolic expression that resolves to that referent, possibly within a given context
has equivalent properties
has denotationop
has sub-properties
identified byop
has range
knowledge expression elementc
is inverse of
denotesop

denotesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#denotes

the semiotic relationship between a linguistic expression and its referent, where the former references the latter, possibly within a context
has equivalent properties
denotesop
has sub-properties
identifiesop
has domain
knowledge expression elementc
is inverse of
denoted byop

described byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#described-by

The relationship between Something and its description - a (descriptive) expression of a work of knowledge that represents what that thing is (ontology) and/or how it behaves (model)
has super-properties
represented byop
has range
abstract knowledge expressionc

embeds languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#embedsLanguage

The relationship between two languages L1 and L2, such that L1 is designed to delegate to another language L2 the expression of a certain class of concepts
has super-properties
has proper partop

encoding ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#encoding-of

has domain
encoded knowledge expressionc
has range
concrete knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
has encodingop

engraved onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#engraved-on

the relationship between an encoding and its carrier
has domain
encoded knowledge expressionc
has range
knowledge carrierc
is inverse of
engraved withop

engraved withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#engraved-with

has domain
knowledge carrierc
has range
encoded knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
engraved onop

exemplar ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#exemplar-of

an individual artifact is an exemplar of a knowledge manifestation, which conceptualizes (and defines) the qualities of that artifact and all its copies
has super-properties
archetyped byop
has domain
knowledge artifactc
has range
knowledge manifestationc
is inverse of
has exemplarop

expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#expresses

The relationship between a (Knowledge) Expression in some language and its knowledge content. Reflects the relationship between the expression's Abstract Syntax Tree and an Abstract Semantic Graph that captures the Knowledge content of the expression. That is, if an expression E expresses some Knowledge K, there is at least one WoK that captures K and that is faithfully expressed by E
has sub-properties
completely expressesop, concisely expressesop, consistently expressesop, unambiguously expressesop
has domain
abstract knowledge expressionc
has range
work of knowledgec
is inverse of
conceptualizesop
Reasoners do not support the property chain expresses (WoK) o captures -> expresses

externalizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#externalizes

The relationship between a Concrete Syntax and its Abstract Syntax. The Concrete syntax adds the constructs (e.g. constraints, rules) that make sentences parseable
has super-properties
refinesop
has domain
concrete syntaxc
has range
abstract syntaxc

faithfully expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#faithfully-expresses

a faithful expression is both complete and correct, i.e. it is complete and preserves all and only the associations between the concepts in the WoK
has super-properties
completely expressesop
has sub-properties
formalizesop

flattening ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#flattening-of

a particular kind of derivation, relating a flattened resource to the composite it was generated from
has domain
flattened knowledge resourcec
has range
composite knowledge resourcec

formalizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#formalizes

An Expression formalizes a Work of Knowledge if (i) it uses a formal language and (ii) it faithfully, concisely, consistently and unambiguously expresses that WoK
has super-properties
concisely expressesop
consistently expressesop
faithfully expressesop
unambiguously expressesop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
work of knowledgec

framed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#framed-by

relationship between a (deconstructable) knowledge resource and the structure that identifies and relates its components
has sub-properties
structurally organized byop
has domain
deconstructable knowledge resourcec
has range
structurec

function ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#function-of

the relationship between an entity and the concept that abstracts its function
has super-properties
archetypesop
has domain
(knowledge processing) functionc
is inverse of
has functionop

governed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#governed-by

the relationship between a grammar, intended as the conceptualization of the rules, structures and constraints that define a language intensionally, and that language
has domain
languagec
has range
grammarc

has encodingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-encoding

the relationship between a concrete expresison and its encoded version
has domain
concrete knowledge expressionc
has range
encoded knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
encoding ofop

has exemplarop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-exemplar

has super-properties
archetypesop
has domain
knowledge manifestationc
has range
knowledge artifactc
is inverse of
exemplar ofop

has functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-function

has super-properties
archetyped byop
has range
(knowledge processing) functionc
is inverse of
function ofop

has knowledgeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-knowledge

the abstract relationship between an entity, and what is known about that entity
has sub-properties
archetyped byop
has range
knowledgec
is inverse of
knowledge ofop

has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-part

has sub-properties
has proper partop, uses conceptop
is inverse of
part ofop

has productop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-product

The relationship between an Activity and an entity that is created as part of the Activity, i.e. an entity that did not exist before the Activity was started, exists after the completion of the activity, and exists because the Activity took place
has super-properties
involvesop
has domain
activityc
is inverse of
product ofop

has proper partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-proper-part

has super-properties
has partop
has sub-properties
The relationship between a composite and its partsop, embeds languageop
is inverse of
proper part ofop

has serialized representation inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#is-serialized-in

An abstract expression X has a serialized representation in a concrete syntax Y if there exists at least one concrete representation of X in Y
has domain
abstract knowledge expressionc
has range
concrete syntaxc
has sub-property chains
concretely represented asop o uses concrete syntaxop

has wordstockop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-wordstock

The relationship between a Language, and the set of linguistic elements that can be formed into valid sentences of the language according to the language's syntax
has domain
languagec
has range
lexiconc

identified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#identified-by

has equivalent properties
is identified byop
has super-properties
denoted byop
has range
identifierc
is inverse of
identifiesop

identifiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#identifies

an identifier uniquely and unambiguously denotes its referent
has equivalent properties
identifiesop
has super-properties
denotesop
has domain
identifierc
is inverse of
identified byop

internally represented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#internally-represented-by

has domain
knowledge endeavourc
has range
knowledgeable agentc
is inverse of
internally representsop

internally representsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#internally-represents

An Agent an internal representation of a Knowledge Endeavor if and only if there exists an internal 'carrier' (neurons, but also a digital memory) that carries an encoded representation of all the Concepts, and their associations, scoped by the Endeavor
has domain
knowledgeable agentc
has range
knowledge endeavourc
is inverse of
internally represented byop

involved inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#involved-in

the relationship between a participant in some activity and that activity
has sub-properties
performsop, product ofop, recipient ofop, used inop
has range
activityc
is inverse of
involvesop

involvesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#involves

The relationship between an Activity and a participant - Agent (acitive) or Resource (passive) Conceptually, this relationship is mediated by an 'entity qua' individual that represents the participant's temporary play of a given role in the context of the activity.
has sub-properties
has productop, makes use ofop, performed byop, targetsop
has domain
activityc
is inverse of
involved inop

is concrete representation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#serialization-of

has domain
concrete knowledge expressionc
has range
abstract knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
concretely represented asop

knowledge ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#is-about

A kind of 'aboutness' that reflects the relationship between a a knowledge-related conceptualization and its referent(s)
The relationship between a (piece of) Knowledge and its referent
has sub-properties
archetypesop, conceptual representation ofop
has domain
knowledgec
is inverse of
has knowledgeop

knowledge representation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#knowledge-representation-of

relates a Knowledge Expression to the Knowledge that is captured by the (implicit) Work of Knowledge that the Expression expresses
has super-properties
representation ofop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
knowledgec
has sub-property chains
expressesop o capturesop

leveragesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#leverages

a WoK levereages a concept if that concept is not part of that WoK, but is required to understand the WoK
has super-properties
uses conceptop
has sub-properties
defines in terms ofop
has domain
work of knowledgec
has range
conceptc

limitsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#limits

The relationship between a Concrete Syntax S1 and a Concrete Syntax S2, where S2 is strictly more constrained than S1 in terms of admissible constructs.
has super-properties
refinesop
has domain
concrete syntaxc
has range
concrete syntaxc

makes use ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#makes-use-of

The relationship between an Activity and a non-agentive resource that is used by an Agent performing that Activity
has super-properties
involvesop
has domain
activityc
is inverse of
used inop

Notice that only Artifacts can be stored in practice. Storing a Work or an Expression implies the existence of an Artifact that carries (the Expression that realized) that Work. Nevertheless, the relationship can be asserted at any level, to shift the focus on the entity that is valuable for the purpose of storageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#stores

the relationship between an entity with the function of Knowledge artifact repository, and the knowledge resources that are stored therein by means of some carrier. An entity stores a Work, Expression or Artifact if it is able to keep (a copy of) it, and make it accessible for use as needed
has range
knowledge endeavourc
is inverse of
stored inop

part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#part-of

Generic, homeomeric parthood relationship
has sub-properties
proper part ofop
is inverse of
has partop

performed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#performed-by

The relationship between an Activity and an Agent whose work contributes to the completion of the Activity
has super-properties
involvesop
has domain
activityc
has range
agentc
is inverse of
performsop

performsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#performs

has super-properties
involved inop
has domain
agentc
has range
activityc
is inverse of
performed byop

preservesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#preserves

A method M (subject) preserves an entity E of type T (object) if: - for any entity X - if X is related to E by R and X is input of an activity A and A is based on M and A produces an output O then: O is also related to E by R
has domain
knowledge processing method specificationc
A transcription method, by definition, defines how to create different concrete expressions, but preserves the language (abstract syntax)

product ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#product-of

has super-properties
involved inop
has range
activityc
is inverse of
has productop

profilesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#profiles

The relationship between a Profile of an Abstract Syntax and that Abstract Syntax. A profile is more restrictive in some sense, i.e. has no less constraints
has super-properties
refinesop
has domain
profilec
has range
abstract syntaxc

proper part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#proper-part-of

Parthood relationship that is irreflexive, i.e. such that no individual is allowed to be proper part of itself

has characteristics: irreflexive

has super-properties
part ofop
is inverse of
has proper partop

recipient ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#recipient-of

an entity is the recipient of an activity if that activity targets that entity
has super-properties
involved inop
has range
activityc
is inverse of
targetsop

refinesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#refines

The relationship between two Syntaxes S1 and S2, such that the set of rules and constraints of S1 is no less permissive than S2, i.e. a sentence that is valid according to S2 must be valid according to S1.

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
externalizesop, limitsop, profilesop
has domain
syntaxc
has range
syntaxc

representation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#representation-of

an expression of a conceptual representation of something
has sub-properties
knowledge representation ofop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
represented byop
has sub-property chains
expressesop o conceptual representation ofop

represented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#represented-by

the association between (the knowledge about) something an expression of a work of knowledge that has that something as a subject
has sub-properties
conceptualizesop, described byop, specified byop
has range
knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
representation ofop

reproduced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#reproduced-by

has super-properties
carried byop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
knowledge artifactc
is inverse of
reproducesop

reproducesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#reproduces

has super-properties
carriesop
has domain
knowledge artifactc
has range
knowledge expressionc
is inverse of
reproduced byop

serializesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#serializes

The relation between the concrete syntax of a language and that language
has domain
concrete syntaxc
has range
languagec
is inverse of
supports serialization inop

specified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#specified-by

The relationship between Something and its specification - a (prescriptive) expression of a work of knowledge that defines how that something should behave
has super-properties
represented byop
has range
abstract knowledge expressionc

stored inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#stored-in

an artifact (as a carrier of the expression of a piece of knowledge) is stored in a container that has the function of a knowledge repository
has domain
knowledge endeavourc
is inverse of
Notice that only Artifacts can be stored in practice. Storing a Work or an Expression implies the existence of an Artifact that carries (the Expression that realized) that Work. Nevertheless, the relationship can be asserted at any level, to shift the focus on the entity that is valuable for the purpose of storageop

structurally organized byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#structurally-organized-by

has super-properties
framed byop
The relationship between a composite and its partsop
structured byop
has domain
composite knowledge resourcec
has range
structurec

structured byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#structured-by

has super-properties
structured withop
has sub-properties
structurally organized byop
has domain
structured knowledge resourcec
has range
structurec
is inverse of
structuresop

structured withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#structured-with

Two knowledge resources are mutually structured with each other if they are part of the same structured knowledge resource.
has sub-properties
The relationship between a composite and its partsop, structured byop, structuresop
has domain
structured knowledge resourcec
has range
structured knowledge resourcec
A structuring knowledge resource is structured with all the resources that it structures

structuresop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#structures

has super-properties
structured withop
has domain
structurec
has range
structured knowledge resourcec
is inverse of
structured byop

supports expression inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#supports-expression

In order to be useful, the supported notations should be able to structure most sentences of the language.
A Language L supports an Abstract Syntax S if there exists at least one sentence in the extension of L, such that an AST based on S can be built for that sentence
has domain
languagec
has range
abstract syntaxc
has sub-property chains
supports expression inop o profilesop
supports serialization inop o externalizesop

supports serialization inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#supports-serialization

A Language L supports a Concrete Syntax S if there exists at least one sentence in the language that S formalizes, such that a parse tree can be constructed out of the tokens that form that sentence
has domain
languagec
has range
concrete syntaxc
is inverse of
serializesop
has sub-property chains
supports serialization inop o limitsop

targetsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#targets

an activity targets a (passive) participant, which is pre-existing to the start of the activity, but is changed somehow in the process. i.e.the activity does not alter any of the essential qualities that define the identity of the entity, but results in some change to the non-essential ones.
has super-properties
involvesop
has domain
activityc
is inverse of
recipient ofop

The relationship between a composite and its partsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#has-structural-component

has super-properties
has proper partop
structured withop
has sub-properties
structurally organized byop
has domain
composite knowledge resourcec
has range
structured knowledge resourcec

unambiguously expressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#unambiguously-expresses

every element in the expression has no more than one possible conceptualization
has super-properties
expressesop
has sub-properties
formalizesop

used inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#used-in

has super-properties
involved inop
has range
activityc
is inverse of
makes use ofop

uses annotation languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-annotation-language

The relationship between an expression and the language used to annotate the expression, i.e. to express fragments that are not essential to the conceptualization of the expression
has super-properties
uses as sub-languageop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
languagec

uses as sub-languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-as-sublanguage

an Expression E uses L as a sublanguage if - L is not the primary language - there exists at least one sub-tree of E's AST such that that sub-tree formalizes a valid expression of L
has super-properties
uses languageop
has sub-properties
uses annotation languageop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
languagec

uses conceptop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-concept

a work of knowledge uses a concept if the concept is part of the concepts selected during the creation of the work, and thus is part of the work
has super-properties
has partop
has sub-properties
capturesop, leveragesop
has domain
work of knowledgec
has range
conceptc

uses concrete syntaxop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-concrete-syntax

has domain
concrete knowledge expressionc
has range
concrete syntaxc

uses languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-language

The relationship between an Expression (abstract or concrete) and the Language used to express it. (A concrete expression that is a concrete representation of) an Abstract Expression uses a language if itself, or a fragment thereof, uses a Notation that formalizes the Language, i.e. the expression conforms to the rules defined by the Notation.
has sub-properties
uses as sub-languageop, uses primary languageop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
languagec

uses lexiconop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-lexicon

The relationship between a knowledge expresison and the lexicon from which its actual linguistic elements (aka signature) are extracted
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
lexiconc
has sub-property chains
uses languageop o has wordstockop

uses methodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-method

has domain
knowledge processing activityc
has range
knowledge processing method specificationc
has sub-property chains
archetyped byop o blueprinted byop

uses primary languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-primary-language

In case of set-oriented structured resources, it is sufficient that at least one of the member resources uses L as primary language
An Expression E uses L as primary language if there exists a sub-tree S of E's AST T that formalizes a valid expression of L, and the root of S coincides with the root of T.
has super-properties
uses languageop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
languagec

uses profileop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-profile

The relationship between a Knowledge Expression and a profile of an (abstract) syntax that it conforms to
has super-properties
uses syntaxop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
profilec

uses syntaxop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#uses-syntax

An expression uses a syntax if it is (known to have been originally) formulated according to that syntax.
has super-properties
conforms withop
has sub-properties
uses profileop
has domain
knowledge expressionc
has range
abstract syntaxc

Annotation Properties

alt labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

copyrightap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.omg.org/techprocess/ab/SpecificationMetadata/copyright

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

dateap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

exampleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

scope noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

General Axioms

General Subclass Definition back to ToC

has wordstockop some lexiconc is subclass of

languagec

General Subclass Definition back to ToC

performsop some knowledge processing activityc is subclass of

knowledgeable agentc

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

intellectual workc, knowledge artifactc, knowledge expressionc

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/core#
06
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/2018/06/
SpecificationMetadata
http://www.omg.org/techprocess/ab/SpecificationMetadata/
api4kp
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dul-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#
languagerepresentation
http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
rel
http://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/rel#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
terms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.